By June 2020, it was, according to Sandra E. The acronym BIPOC, referring to "black, indigenous, (and) people of color", first appeared around 2013. In the twenty-first century, use of the term and the "of color" categorization continued to proliferate: for example, the Joint Council of Librarians of Color (JCLC), a recurring conference of the American Library Association, formed from the organization's five ethnic affiliate associations: the Black Caucus of the American Library Association, the American Indian Library Association, the Asian Pacific American Librarians Association, the Chinese American Librarians Association, and REFORMA: The National Association to Promote Library & Information Services to Latinos and the Spanish Speaking. The phrase was used as a method of communicating solidarity between non-white women that was, according to Loretta Ross, not based on "biological destiny" but instead a political act of naming themselves. The phrase "women of color" was developed and introduced for wide use by a group of black women activists at the National Women's Conference in 1977. Both anti-racist activists and academics sought to move the understanding of race beyond the black–white dichotomy then prevalent. By the late 1980s and early 1990s, it was in wide circulation. In the late 20th century, the term "person of color" was introduced in the United States in order to counter the condescension implied by the terms "non-white" and " minority", and racial justice activists in the U.S., influenced by radical theorists such as Frantz Fanon, popularized it at this time. used the term "citizens of color" in 1963, the phrase in its current meaning did not catch on until the late 1970s. Īlthough American activist Martin Luther King Jr. After the American Civil War, "colored" was used as a label exclusively for black Americans, but the term eventually fell out of favor by the mid-20th century.
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In South Carolina and other parts of the Deep South, this term was used to distinguish between slaves who were mostly " black" or " Negro" and free people who were primarily " mulatto" or " mixed race". French colonists used the term gens de couleur ("people of color") to refer to people of mixed African and European ancestry who were freed from slavery in the Americas. It was initially used to refer to light-skinned people of mixed African and European heritage. The American Heritage Guide to Contemporary Usage and Style cites usage of "people of colour" as far back as 1796. Elsewhere in the world, and in other dialects of English, the term may have entirely different connotations, however for example, in South Africa, " Coloureds" refers to multiple multiracial ethnic groups and is sometimes applied to other groups in Southern Africa, such as the Basters of Namibia. The term " colored" was originally equivalent in use to the term "person of color" in American English, but usage of the appellation "colored" in the Southern United States gradually came to be restricted to " Negroes", and is now considered a racial pejorative. The acronym BIPOC refers to black, indigenous, and other people of color and aims to emphasize the historic oppression of black and indigenous people. The term may also be used with other collective categories of people such as "communities of color", "men of color" (MOC), "women of color" (WOC), or "librarians of color". The term, as used in the United States, emphasizes common experiences of systemic racism, which some communities have faced. In the United States, people of color include African Americans, Asian Americans, Native Americans, Pacific Islander Americans, multiracial Americans, and some Latino Americans, though members of these communities may prefer to view themselves through their cultural identities rather than color-related terminology.
In its current meaning, the term originated in, and is primarily associated with, the United States however, since the 2010s, it has been adopted elsewhere in the Anglosphere (often as person of colour), including relatively limited usage in the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, Ireland, South Africa, and Singapore. The term " person of color" ( PL: people of color or persons of color abbreviated POC) is primarily used to describe any person who is not considered " white". ( June 2020) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)
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